TIIS (한국인터넷정보학회)
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| 한글제목(Korean Title) |
Robust Digital Watermarking for High-definition Video using Steerable Pyramid Transform, Two Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform and Ensemble Position-based Error Correcting |
| 영문제목(English Title) |
Robust Digital Watermarking for High-definition Video using Steerable Pyramid Transform, Two Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform and Ensemble Position-based Error Correcting |
| 저자(Author) |
Xun Jin
JongWeon Kim
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| 원문수록처(Citation) |
VOL 12 NO. 07 PP. 3438 ~ 3454 (2018. 07) |
한글내용
(Korean Abstract) |
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영문내용
(English Abstract) |
In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking scheme for high-definition video. In the embedding process, luminance component of each frame is transformed by 2-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT). A secret key is used to generate a matrix of random numbers for the security of watermark information. The matrix is transformed by inverse steerable pyramid transform (SPT). We embed the watermark into the low and mid-frequency of 2D FFT coefficients with the transformed matrix. In the extraction process, the 2D FFT coefficients of each frame and the transformed matrix are transformed by SPT respectively, to produce two oriented sub-bands. We extract the watermark from each frame by cross-correlating two oriented sub-bands. If a video is degraded by some attacks, the watermarks of frames contain some errors. Thus, we use an ensemble position-based error correcting algorithm to estimate the errors and correct them. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and moreover is robust against various attacks. After embedding 64 bits of watermark into each frame, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio between original frames and embedded frames is 45.7 dB.
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| 키워드(Keyword) |
Video watermarking
steerable pyramid transform
fast fourier transform
error correcting
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| 파일첨부 |
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